For the deep removal of CO from hydrogen?rich gas,the preparation of catalysts with better CO?Prox catalytic performance is a current research hotspot.CuO/NiO?CeO2 catalysts were prepared by stepwise impregnation method,and the catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H2?TPR and HR?TEM to investigate the effects of molar loading of metal Cu+Ni (metal loading) on the catalysts' structure,reduction properties and their CO?Prox performance.The results showed that Cu/Ni?O?Ce solid solutions were all formed in CuO/NiO?CeO2 catalysts.The catalytic activity is mainly related to the content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface as well as to the content of the solid solution.Among them,the catalyst with a metal loading of 8% had a higher content of Cu species highly dispersed on the carrier surface and a higher content of solid solutions,and the catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity.Under the CO/H2/CO2/O2/Ar atmosphere,a reaction temperature of 130 °C,an oxygen excess coefficient of 1.2,and a mass?air velocity of 20 266 mL/（g·h）,the CO conversion was 95.9%,and the CO oxidation selectivity was 86.3%.
The Ruddlesden?Popper (RP) perovskitetype composite cathode material was prepared by a sol?gel method,and the performance of using it as a SOFC cathode was evaluated.XRD result shows that the composite material calcined at 1 200 ℃ was (La2/3Sr4/3)FeO4?(La4/3Sr8/3)Fe3O10 (LSF).At 400 ℃,the highest conductivity of the sample is 57.0 S/cm in air.At 800 ℃,the interfacial polarization resistance of the LSF electrode on La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte is 0.198 Ω·cm2.Based on a single cell supported by a 300?μm?thick LSGM,the peak power density of the sample when used as a cell cathode was up to 670 mW/cm2 when used as the cathode of the cell, with no performance degradation for 50 h of continuous operation.Experiments show that the LSF cathode has excellent and stable electrochemical performance,and is a very promising cathode material for SOFC.
CeO2?X (X is the hydrothermal synthesis time, X=3, 6, 12, 24 h) carriers were prepared by varying the hydrothermal synthesis time using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and urea as raw materials, and CuO/CeO2?X catalysts were obtained by isovolumetric impregnation with active component Cu, which were applied to methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction. The effects of hydrothermal synthesis time on the structure and physicochemical properties of the prepared CeO2?X carriers and CuO/CeO2?X catalysts were explored by XRD, BET, H2?TPR.The performances of the CuO/CeO2?X catalyst samples were evaluated in methanol steam reforming(MSR) reaction.The results show that the CuO/CeO2?6 has good catalytic activity. At the reaction temperature of 280 °C, when the molar ratio of water to methanol was 1.2, and the space velocity of methanol vapor (GHSV) was 800 h-1, the methanol conversion rate could reach 92.8%.
Taking the Bohai Q oilfield as an example, this paper focused on how to improve the effect of liquid production increase in fluvial facies reservoir and counted the effects of measures to increase the production of oil wells in the oilfield in the past five years. The sensitivity of oil wells was analyzed from static and dynamic aspects,and the effects of liquid production increase measures on static and dynamic parameters were studied to analyze the effective timing and scale of increasing liquid production.According to the effect of the measures, classification schemes for the liquid production increase of water?drive reservoir in Bohai fluvial facies were established.The results show that if oil wells in the reservoir are in Class Ⅰ liquid production increase stage (20 000 mD ? m<formation coefficient ≤40 000 mD ? m,0<flow coefficient≤300 mD ? m/(mPa ? s）,25 000 m3<accumulated oil production before liquid production increase≤50 000 m3,0<accumulated liquid production before liquid production increase≤300 000 m3,65%≤water content before liquid production increase<80%),their daily oil production increment after liquid production increase will be possibly greater than 30.0 m3. The daily oil production increment of oil wells in Class Ⅱ liquid production increase stage is between 15.0 m3 and 30.0 m3,and that of oil wells in Class Ⅲ liquid production increase stage is less than 15.0 m3.The high?efficiency stimulation timetable was verified in the southern part of the Bohai Q oilfield.This is of great application value and can provide a basis for the efficient development of offshore fluvial water?drive reservoirs.
Catalytic pyrolysis is an effective way to use lignin resource.A ternary metal?organic framework (MOF) precursor was synthesized by using the solvothermal method, and then the perovskite Ca1-x Nd x CoO3 (CNC?x) was prepared by controllable calcination.The performance of the perovskite for catalyzing bagasse lignin (BL) pyrolysis and regeneration was investigated,and the distribution law of the compositions of gaseous and liquid phase products was analyzed. The results show that CNC?0.3 calcined at 800 ℃ shows excellent performance in catalyzing BL pyrolysis.Under a temperature of 200~500 ℃,the pyrolysis activation energy is reduced from 64.24 kJ/mol to 58.92 kJ/mol.Compared with BL pyrolysis,the yield of gaseous phase products decreases,while that of solid phase products increases.The yield of liquid phase products is increased from 15.11% to 17.94%,and the liquid phase products are mainly aromatic oxygenated chemicals including phenols,guaiacols,syringols,and phenyl ethers.The total selectivity of aromatic oxygenated chemicals is 11.0% higher than that under pyrolysis.After five times of regeneration,CNC?0.3 still shows satisfactory structural and catalytic stability.
SiO2?CeO2 carriers were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method,and CuO?SiO2?CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method with active component CuO.The carriers and catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET and H2?TPR methods.The effects of the addition amount of SiO2 for the specific surface area of the catalyst and the catalytic performance of the catalysts in methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production were also investigated.The obtained results indicated that appropriate addition of SiO2 can increase the specific surface area of the support and catalyst,reduce reduction temperature of the active component CuO,and increase the conversion rate of CH3OH.When the amount of SiO2 is 2.5%,the specific surface area of CuO5.0%?SiO22.5%?CeO2 is 112.8 m2/g,and the conversion rate of CH3OH is 75.1%.Both of the specific surface of the catalyst and the conversion rate of CH3OH will decrease with the content of SiO2 continue to improving in the catalyst.
Middle?deep strata of Bohai oilfield is the focus of further exploration and development, of which Bozhong X is a typical mid?deep oil and gas field. The main reservoir with dense lithology and strong abrasiveness is stored for more than 4 000 m depth, resulting in much more complex situations during the early drilling stage, which seriously restricted the reservoir exploration process. In order to solve the problems of complex pressure, serious tool choke and slow penetration rate in the deep?medium strata, this work figured out TorkBuster and Ninja teeth PDC bit efficiency improvement technology and its corresponding applications, using stratigraphic features of Bozhong X oil and gas field as a research sample. The rock breaking mainly involves combination of crushing and rotary shearing, which is mainly used to improve the drilling speed while ensuring the well quality. The TorkBuster with special Ninja teeth PDC bit in BZ?E well can properly overcome the high hardness and compact of granite gneiss, which can increase the drilling speed and prolong the service life of the bit at the same time. It provides a new method for improving the drilling speed in the deep?medium strata of Bohai oilfield and saving drilling cost.
